Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)

L. Lee Carlisle, Bryan H. King, Arthur Maerlender

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Intellectual disability, or intellectual developmental disorder, describes a heterogeneous condition affecting a diverse population, and drawing boundaries around the disorder, and naming it, has always been a challenge. And yet, as advances in our understanding mount, we are closer to the development of new therapeutics, and also have a growing appreciation for the important role that psychiatry can play in the understanding and care of persons with intellectual disability. This chapter begins with a brief consideration of definitions, assessment, and epidemiology, followed by a summary of the main etiological aspects, and the usefulness of behavioral phenotypes in diagnosis. The chief mental disorders occurring with intellectual disability are surveyed, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, impulse control disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), mood disorders, and psychosis. It is important that the child psychiatrist's approach to psychiatric and especially behavioral problems in patients with intellectual disability is primarily based on empirical data, experience, and clinical consensus. We review treatment of these comorbid conditions using psychosocial therapeutic approaches, medication approaches, and holistic or ecological approaches.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationClinical Child Psychiatry, Third Edition
PublisherJohn Wiley and Sons
Pages377-398
Number of pages22
ISBN (Print)9781119993346
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 30 2012
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Antipsychotic
  • Anxiety disorder
  • Behavioral phenotype
  • Disruptive behavior disorder
  • Intellectual development disorder
  • Intellectual disability
  • Maladaptive
  • Mental retardation
  • Mood disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • Self-injurious behaviour

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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