TY - CHAP
T1 - Interaction between Sars-CoV-2 structural proteins and host cellular receptors
T2 - From basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives
AU - Wade, Henry
AU - Duan, Qihua
AU - Su, Qiaozhu
N1 - Funding Information:
Q. Su is supported by the British Heart Foundation (UK) (PG/19/86/34788) and Northern Ireland Chest Heart & Stroke (UK) (2019_08). H. Wade is a recipient of PhD research scholarships from the Department for the Economy in Northern Ireland (UK).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic that has affected the lives of billions of individuals. Sars-CoV-2 primarily infects human cells by binding of the viral spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In addition, novel means of viral entry are currently being investigated, including Neuropillin 1, toll-like receptors (TLRs), cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), and integrin α5β1. Enriched expression of these proteins across metabolic regulatory organs/tissues, including the circulatory system, liver, pancreas, and intestine contributes to major clinical complications among COVID-19 patients, particularly the development of hypertension, myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome and increased coagulation in the circulatory system during and post-infection. Pre-existing metabolic disease, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is associated with increased risk of hospitalization, persistent post-infection complications and worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This review overviews the biological features of Sars-CoV-2, highlights recent findings that delineate the pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 and the consequent clinical diseases.
AB - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic that has affected the lives of billions of individuals. Sars-CoV-2 primarily infects human cells by binding of the viral spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In addition, novel means of viral entry are currently being investigated, including Neuropillin 1, toll-like receptors (TLRs), cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), and integrin α5β1. Enriched expression of these proteins across metabolic regulatory organs/tissues, including the circulatory system, liver, pancreas, and intestine contributes to major clinical complications among COVID-19 patients, particularly the development of hypertension, myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome and increased coagulation in the circulatory system during and post-infection. Pre-existing metabolic disease, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is associated with increased risk of hospitalization, persistent post-infection complications and worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This review overviews the biological features of Sars-CoV-2, highlights recent findings that delineate the pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 and the consequent clinical diseases.
KW - ACE2
KW - COVID-19
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Cytokine storm
KW - Diabetes
KW - Hypertension
KW - NAFLD
KW - Sars-CoV-2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131788874&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85131788874&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.010
DO - 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.010
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 36088078
AN - SCOPUS:85131788874
SN - 9780323997805
T3 - Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology
SP - 243
EP - 277
BT - Disorders of Protein Synthesis
A2 - Donev, Rossen
PB - Academic Press Inc.
ER -