TY - JOUR
T1 - Lespesia archippivora (Diptera
T2 - Tachinidae) Survival and Sex Ratios within Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Hosts
AU - Geest, Emily A.
AU - Wolfenbarger, L. Lareesa
AU - McCarty, John P.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments.—Funding was provided by the University of Nebraska Omaha Department of Biology, Office of Research and Creative Activity, and Office of Graduate Studies, and Prairie Biotic Research, Inc. Small Grants Program. Thanks to Ted Burk for comments on earlier drafts of this paper and to James O’Hara for his guidance on identifying and sexing L. archippivora. Additional thanks to Jeff Dietz, Lindsay Brown, Devin Christensen, Isabella Lombardo, Elizabeth Kamtz, Caylynn Cruse, and Mia Siebrasse for their assistance.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 University of Notre Dame. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/10/4
Y1 - 2019/10/4
N2 - We studied factors associated with survival, sex ratio, and seasonality of the tachinid fly Lespesia archippivora parasitizing monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). A total of 424 L. archippivora flies were collected from 124 parasitized monarch larvae in 2016 and 2017. The majority of flies emerged during the monarch's 5th larval instar. Both fly survival and brood size were higher for those emerging during the 5th instar relative to flies emerging during the 4th instar or pupal stage. Brood size ranged from 1 to 10 flies, and the proportion of each brood that successfully pupated to emerge as adults increased with brood size. Adults emerging from larger broods were lighter and smaller, which likely impacts subsequent fecundity and survival. Overall sex ratio was skewed towards males, with 222 male and 129 female adults identified. L. archippivora were recovered from monarchs both early in the season and at the end of the season, with a gap from mid-June to mid-July; a pattern consistent with a bivoltine life cycle.
AB - We studied factors associated with survival, sex ratio, and seasonality of the tachinid fly Lespesia archippivora parasitizing monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). A total of 424 L. archippivora flies were collected from 124 parasitized monarch larvae in 2016 and 2017. The majority of flies emerged during the monarch's 5th larval instar. Both fly survival and brood size were higher for those emerging during the 5th instar relative to flies emerging during the 4th instar or pupal stage. Brood size ranged from 1 to 10 flies, and the proportion of each brood that successfully pupated to emerge as adults increased with brood size. Adults emerging from larger broods were lighter and smaller, which likely impacts subsequent fecundity and survival. Overall sex ratio was skewed towards males, with 222 male and 129 female adults identified. L. archippivora were recovered from monarchs both early in the season and at the end of the season, with a gap from mid-June to mid-July; a pattern consistent with a bivoltine life cycle.
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U2 - 10.1674/0003-0031-182.2.265
DO - 10.1674/0003-0031-182.2.265
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85073231602
VL - 182
SP - 265
EP - 269
JO - American Midland Naturalist
JF - American Midland Naturalist
SN - 0003-0031
IS - 2
ER -