Movement Disorders

Movement disorders (MDS) are neurological diseases caused by dysfunction of the motor control systems. They are extremely common, with an overall prevalence in the general population of more than 20%. However, these disorders are vastly underdiagnosed and therefore undertreated. Movement disorders are classified as hypokinetic (those associated with paucity of movement like the bradykinesia in parkinsonism) and hyperkinetic (those with excessive movement, like in tremors, dystonia, and tics). There are about 30 different types of movement disorder phenomenologies (Table 1). Each of these phenomenologies is the external expression a number of different diseases. For example, bradykinesia is a hypokinetic phenomenology, and it is the hallmark of different parkinsonian disorders like Parkinson disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP and Multiple Systems Atrophy (MSA).