@article{d69f5d2021c74a38a6f10a34fa0254f2,
title = "Multipolymer microsphere delivery of SARS-CoV-2 antigens",
abstract = "Effective antigen delivery facilitates antiviral vaccine success defined by effective immune protective responses against viral exposures. To improve severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen delivery, a controlled biodegradable, stable, biocompatible, and nontoxic polymeric microsphere system was developed for chemically inactivated viral proteins. SARS-CoV-2 proteins encapsulated in polymeric microspheres induced robust antiviral immunity. The viral antigen-loaded microsphere system can preclude the need for repeat administrations, highlighting its potential as an effective vaccine. Statement of significance: Successful SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were developed and quickly approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, each of the vaccines requires boosting as new variants arise. We posit that injectable biodegradable polymers represent a means for the sustained release of emerging viral antigens. The approach offers a means to reduce immunization frequency by predicting viral genomic variability. This strategy could lead to longer-lasting antiviral protective immunity. The current proof-of-concept multipolymer study for SARS-CoV-2 achieve these metrics.",
keywords = "Antiviral immunity, Multilayerpolymer, Polymeric microspheres, SARS-CoV-2, Slow-controlled antigen release",
author = "Farah Shahjin and Milankumar Patel and Jatin Machhi and Cohen, {Jacob D.} and Nayan, {Mohammad Ullah} and Pravin Yeapuri and Chen Zhang and Emiko Waight and Mahmudul Hasan and Abdelmoaty, {Mai Mohamed} and Dash, {Prasanta K.} and You Zhou and Irene Andreu and Gendelman, {Howard E.} and Kevadiya, {Bhavesh D}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by NIMH (R01 MH121402-01A1), NINDS (R01 MH128009-01), NIDA (P01 DA028555-06A1), COVID-19 Rapid Response Grants (UNMC Nebraska Neuroscience Alliance SARS-CoV-2-Macrophage Interactions for COVID-19 Neuropathobiology) and UNMC student assistantship/fellowship. The authors would like to express gratitude towards Tom Barger and Nicholas Conoan of the Electron Microscopy Core Facility (EMCF) at the University of Nebraska Medical Center for technical assistance. The EMCF is supported by state funds from the Nebraska Research Initiative (NRI) and the University of Nebraska Foundation and institutionally by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research; Victoria Smith and Holly Britton of the UNMC Flow Cytometry Research Facility. The UNMC Flow Cytometry Research Facility is administered through the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and supported by state funds from the Nebraska Research Initiative (NRI) and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center's National Cancer Institute Cancer Support Grant. Janice Taylor and James Talaska of the Advanced Microscopy Core Facility at UNMC for assistance with confocal microscopy. The UNMC Advanced Microscopy Core Facility receives partial support from the National Institute for General Medical Science P20 GM103427 and COBRE - P30 GM106397 grants, with support from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center Support Grant- P30 CA036727, and the Nebraska Research Initiative. Dr. Alexander Lushnikov for technical assistance with AFM imaging at the Nanoimaging Core Facility of UNMC. Dr. You Zhou for the confocal analysis work at the Microscopy Core Research Facility of the Center for Biotechnology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, supported by a NIH COBRE (NCIBC) grant P20 GM113126, NIGMS; Drs. Bala Balasubramanian, Shah Valloppilly, Lanping Yue of Nebraska Nanoscale Facility: National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure and the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience for the XPS, XRD, DSC, TGA measurements, which are supported by the National Science Foundation under Award ECCS-2025298, and the Nebraska Research Initiative (NRI); RI Consortium for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, a URI College of Engineering core facility for the confocal Raman microscope and X-ray microscope data acquisition which was partially funded by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR, Cooperative Agreement #OIA-1655221. The X-ray microscope was acquired through RI Innovation Campus funds by the Rhode Island Commerce Corporation to 401 Tech Bridge and the URI Research Foundation. Some of the Fig. panels were made with BioRender.com. This publication's contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the funding agencies. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",
year = "2023",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.043",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "158",
pages = "493--509",
journal = "Acta Biomaterialia",
issn = "1742-7061",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}