Neighborhood deprivation and childhood asthma outcomes, accounting for insurance coverage

Flory L. Nkoy, Bryan L. Stone, Andrew J. Knighton, Bernhard A. Fassl, Joseph M. Johnson, Christopher G. Maloney, Lucy A. Savitz

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

52 Scopus citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Collecting social determinants data is challenging. We assigned patients a neighborhoodlevel social determinant measure, the area of deprivation index (ADI), by using census data. We then assessed the association between neighborhood deprivation and asthma hospitalization outcomes and tested the influence of insurance coverage. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of children 2 to 17 years old admitted for asthma at 8 hospitals. An administrative database was used to collect patient data, including hospitalization outcomes and neighborhood deprivation status (ADI scores), which were grouped into quintiles (ADI 1, the least deprived neighborhoods; ADI 5, the most deprived neighborhoods). We used multivariable models, adjusting for covariates, to assess the associations and added a neighborhood deprivation status and insurance coverage interaction term. RESULTS: A total of 2270 children (median age 5 years; 40.6% girls) were admitted for asthma. We noted that higher ADI quintiles were associated with greater length of stay, higher cost, and more asthma readmissions (P <.05 for most quintiles). Having public insurance was independently associated with greater length of stay (b: 1.171; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.117-1.228; P <.001), higher cost (b: 1.147; 95% CI: 1.093-1.203; P <.001), and higher readmission odds (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.46-2.24; P <.001). There was a significant deprivation-insurance effect modification, with public insurance associated with worse outcomes and private insurance with better outcomes across ADI quintiles (P <.05 for most combinations). CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood-level ADI measure is associated with asthma hospitalization outcomes. However, insurance coverage modifies this relationship and needs to be considered when using the ADI to identify and address health care disparities.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)59-67
Number of pages9
JournalHospital Pediatrics
Volume8
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2018
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
  • Pediatrics

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