@article{dc1b2c56943e45e88cea909a7c792acd,
title = "Neuroethics Questions to Guide Ethical Research in the International Brain Initiatives",
abstract = "Increasingly, national governments across the globe are prioritizing investments in neuroscience. Currently, seven active or in-development national-level brain research initiatives exist, spanning four continents. Engaging with the underlying values and ethical concerns that drive brain research across cultural and continental divides is critical to future research. Culture influences what kinds of science are supported and where science can be conducted through ethical frameworks and evaluations of risk. Neuroscientists and philosophers alike have found themselves together encountering perennial questions; these questions are engaged by the field of neuroethics, related to the nature of understanding the self and identity, the existence and meaning of free will, defining the role of reason in human behavior, and more. With this Perspective article, we aim to prioritize and advance to the foreground a list of neuroethics questions for neuroscientists operating in the context of these international brain initiatives. Neuroscience is a national priority across the globe necessitating engagement with the underlying cultural and ethical values that drive brain research. We offer a list of neuroethics questions for neuroscientists to advance and accelerate an ethically tenable globalized neuroscience.",
keywords = "Buddhism, Confucianism, brain projects, cross-cultural neuroethics, culture, global neuroscience, international brain initiative, neuroethics, responsible research innovation, science and society",
author = "{Global Neuroethics Summit Delegates} and Jordan Amadio and Bi, {Guo Qiang} and Boshears, {Paul Frederick} and Adrian Carter and Anna Devor and Kenji Doya and Hermann Garden and Judy Illes and Johnson, {L. Syd M.} and Lyric Jorgenson and Jun, {Bang Ook} and Inyoung Lee and Patricia Michie and Tsuyoshi Miyakawa and Eisuke Nakazawa and Osamu Sakura and Hagop Sarkissian and Sullivan, {Laura Specker} and Stepheni Uh and David Winickoff and Wolpe, {Paul Root} and Wu, {Kevin Chien Chang} and Akira Yasamura and Zheng, {Jialin C.} and Rommelfanger, {Karen S.} and Jeong, {Sung Jin} and Arisa Ema and Tamami Fukushi and Kiyoto Kasai and Ramos, {Khara M.} and Arleen Salles and Ilina Singh",
note = "Funding Information: Neuroethics is a rapidly growing new field, just over a decade old, and there are still few formal neuroethics teaching resources. While both students and faculty engaged in neuroscience research have reported a desire for neuroethics training ( Kehagia et al., 2012; Lombera et al., 2010; Sahakian and Morein-Zamir, 2009 ), US federal mandates for Responsible Conduct of Research ethics training for scientists and engineers, for example, are still relatively new and emphasize research ethics, rather than neuroethics ( HHS, 1999; National Science Foundation, 2009 ). Many current faculty members have received little to no formalized training in ethics, much less training in neuroethics. The Australia Brain Alliance, the EU{\textquoteright}s Human Brain Project, and the US BRAIN Initiative have established neuroethics components that work to raise awareness and advance research of neuroethical issues with the researchers funded by their respective governments. The Korea Brain Initiative plans to formally integrate neuroethics education into neuroscientist training. Future work within the national brain projects will determine what formal neuroethics training resources will need to be developed. Importantly, neuroethics education should include raising awareness of shared and differing values across cultures and allow for critical engagement. Engagement with diverse stakeholders, particularly with representatives from developing countries, will be critical to achieving this goal. Funding Information: The Global Neuroethics Summit was made possible with the generous support of the Kavli Foundation, the Korea Brain Research Institute (Brain Research Policy Center Operation Program), Daegu City, and the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea. We thank Jamila Garrett-Bell (Project Manager of GNS), Sol Lee (Assistant Manager of GNS), Hyunjung Kim, and Stepheni Uh for their administrative leadership and support of the meeting. We are also grateful for the insightful comments from the peer reviewers. A.S. receives funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under the Specific Grant Agreement No. 785907 (Human Brain Project SGA2). I.S. acknowleges a funder and participant of the 2016 meeting, Our Brain, Ourselves, Our World (http://o3brain.org/), and the funders of that meeting, the Wellcome Trust and the Gatsby Foundation; some of the o3brain meeting format inspired GNS. A.C. is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship (ID: APP1123311). K.D. was funded by KAKENHI Grant 16K21738 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); J.I. is funded as the Canada Research Chair in Neuroethics. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = oct,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.021",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "100",
pages = "19--36",
journal = "Neuron",
issn = "0896-6273",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "1",
}