Novel claustrum activation observed during a visuomotor adaptation task using a viewing window paradigm

Previous literature has reported a wide range of anatomical correlates when participants are required to perform a visuomotor adaptation task. However, traditional adaptation tasks suffer a number of inherent limitations that may, in part, give rise to this variability. For instance, the sparse visual environment does not map well onto conditions in which a visuomotor transformation would normally be required in everyday life. To further clarify these neural underpinnings, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed on 17 (6M, age range 20-45 years old; mean age = 26) naive participants performing a viewing window task in which a visuomotor transformation was created by varying the relationship between the participant's movement and the resultant movement of the viewing window. The viewing window task more naturally replicates scenarios in which haptic and visual information would be combined to achieve a higher-level goal. Even though activity related to visuomotor adaptation was found within previously reported regions of the parietal lobes, frontal lobes, and occipital lobes, novel activation patterns were observed within the claustrum - a region well-established as multi-modal convergence zone. These results confirm the diversity in the number and location of neurological systems recruited to perform a required visuomotor adaptation, and provide the first evidence of participation of the claustrum to overcome a visuomotor transformation.