Orthopaedic injuries in child abuse

Child abuse is a clinical diagnosis, made on the basis of a thorough history and physical exam, with radiographic studies as indicated. A multi-disciplinary approach can aid in diagnosis. Fractures are the second most common manifestation of abuse, and between 30% and 50% of victims will require the services of an orthopaedic surgeon. Familiarity with the list of high- and low-specificity fractures for abuse is useful, as is knowledge of the differential diagnosis. Fractures secondary to abuse generally have a good outcome and long-term prognosis. Appropriate referrals and intervention can decrease risk of future abuse.