TY - JOUR
T1 - Photoswitchable Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene Devices Enabled by In Situ Covalent Functionalization
AU - Lu, Jingzhi
AU - Lipatov, Alexey
AU - Vorobeva, Natalia S.
AU - Muratov, Dmitry S.
AU - Sinitskii, Alexander
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through ECCS-1509874 with a partial support from the Nebraska Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) (NSF DMR-1420645). The materials characterization was performed in part in MISIS, in which the work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (K2-2016-033), and in the Nebraska Nanoscale Facility, which was supported by the NSF (ECCS-1542182) and the Nebraska Research Initiative.
PY - 2018/8
Y1 - 2018/8
N2 - A chemical approach is demonstrated for covalent functionalization of graphene devices with photochromic azobenzene moieties using diazonium chemistry. The approach utilizing in situ generated aryl diazonium cations enables multilayer deposition of photochromic species on graphene surfaces. It is demonstrated that the thickness of the resulting optically responsive films can be tuned from about 1 to over 20 nm by varying the functionalization time. Cis and trans forms of azobenzene can be achieved by illumination with UV and visible light, respectively, which enables reversible optically tunable change in the doping level of graphene. Interestingly, the bilayer graphene devices, while showing robust photoswitching, do not exhibit any considerable degradation of conductivity and charge carrier mobilities upon chemical functionalization, which is not the case for monolayer graphene devices. This work paves a way for multilayer functionalization of graphene devices with photochromic species and highlights bilayer graphene as a promising platform for high mobility devices with covalent functionalization.
AB - A chemical approach is demonstrated for covalent functionalization of graphene devices with photochromic azobenzene moieties using diazonium chemistry. The approach utilizing in situ generated aryl diazonium cations enables multilayer deposition of photochromic species on graphene surfaces. It is demonstrated that the thickness of the resulting optically responsive films can be tuned from about 1 to over 20 nm by varying the functionalization time. Cis and trans forms of azobenzene can be achieved by illumination with UV and visible light, respectively, which enables reversible optically tunable change in the doping level of graphene. Interestingly, the bilayer graphene devices, while showing robust photoswitching, do not exhibit any considerable degradation of conductivity and charge carrier mobilities upon chemical functionalization, which is not the case for monolayer graphene devices. This work paves a way for multilayer functionalization of graphene devices with photochromic species and highlights bilayer graphene as a promising platform for high mobility devices with covalent functionalization.
KW - azobenzene
KW - covalent functionalization
KW - diazonium chemistry
KW - graphene
KW - photoswitchable devices
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U2 - 10.1002/aelm.201800021
DO - 10.1002/aelm.201800021
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85051224196
VL - 4
JO - Advanced Electronic Materials
JF - Advanced Electronic Materials
SN - 2199-160X
IS - 8
M1 - 1800021
ER -