TY - JOUR
T1 - Psychosocial and demographic correlates of objectively measured physical activity in structured and unstructured after-school recreation sessions
AU - Rosenkranz, Richard R.
AU - Welk, Gregory J.
AU - Hastmann, Tanis J.
AU - Dzewaltowski, David A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by NRI Grant # 2005-35215-15418 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education , and Extension Service Human Nutrition and Obesity Program. We thank Stewart Trost, Karla Foster and Sara Rosenkranz for assisting with data collection and management. We thank the people of USD 497 and Boys and Girls Club in Lawrence, KS for their participation and assistance.
PY - 2011/7
Y1 - 2011/7
N2 - Most studies of psychosocial and demographic correlates of physical activity (PA) have examined relationships across various types of physical and social environments, rather than within a specific environmental behavior setting. The objective of this study was to investigate correlates of PA in structured and unstructured after-school recreation sessions. This study is cross-sectional. School records, questionnaires, and anthropometry were used to obtain demographic and psychosocial variables. Third and fourth-grade children (n = 230) from seven schools wore Actigraph GT1M accelerometers up to six times per year during after-school programming. Accelerometer data were processed to determine percentage of time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (T scores, reflective of an individual child's PA level relative to group mean, were computed for each session and averaged across sessions). Pearson correlations, point-biserial correlations, and mixed-model analyses were used to determine significant associations with PA for each session type (structured and unstructured). For structured sessions, gender, PA barriers self-efficacy, and PA enjoyment were significantly related to PA. For unstructured sessions, only gender was related to PA. Despite equivalent opportunities to participate in active recreation, boys were more active than girls, and children varied in PA level partly due to psychosocial factors. Our results showed that PA self-efficacy and enjoyment explained variability in structured PA sessions.
AB - Most studies of psychosocial and demographic correlates of physical activity (PA) have examined relationships across various types of physical and social environments, rather than within a specific environmental behavior setting. The objective of this study was to investigate correlates of PA in structured and unstructured after-school recreation sessions. This study is cross-sectional. School records, questionnaires, and anthropometry were used to obtain demographic and psychosocial variables. Third and fourth-grade children (n = 230) from seven schools wore Actigraph GT1M accelerometers up to six times per year during after-school programming. Accelerometer data were processed to determine percentage of time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (T scores, reflective of an individual child's PA level relative to group mean, were computed for each session and averaged across sessions). Pearson correlations, point-biserial correlations, and mixed-model analyses were used to determine significant associations with PA for each session type (structured and unstructured). For structured sessions, gender, PA barriers self-efficacy, and PA enjoyment were significantly related to PA. For unstructured sessions, only gender was related to PA. Despite equivalent opportunities to participate in active recreation, boys were more active than girls, and children varied in PA level partly due to psychosocial factors. Our results showed that PA self-efficacy and enjoyment explained variability in structured PA sessions.
KW - Accelerometer
KW - After school
KW - Children
KW - Determinants
KW - Exercise
KW - Physical activity
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.01.005
DO - 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.01.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 21349765
AN - SCOPUS:79959225787
SN - 1440-2440
VL - 14
SP - 306
EP - 311
JO - Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
JF - Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
IS - 4
ER -