Public health service increased risk donor kidney grafts for transplant into children, a survey of pediatric nephrologists

Background: Kidney transplant is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, access is limited by severe organ shortage. Public Health Service increased risk donors (PHS-IRD) represent a significant portion of available organs which are discarded at disproportional rates. Methods: Pediatric nephrologists were surveyed regarding PHS-IRD kidneys to understand attitudes and perceived barriers to the use of these grafts in children. We sought to elucidate what methods may help increase the likelihood of PHS-IRD acceptance. Results: Twenty-two responses were received from United States pediatric nephrologists representing 11 UNOS regions (response rate 5.9%). Of respondents, 50% had been practicing for 20+ years, 77% in academic hospitals, and 63% in cities with over 1 000 000 people. All respondents worked in an institution with a kidney transplant program. 41% reported that they would not accept PHS-IRD kidneys under any circumstance, 45% would accept depending on the candidate's medical status, and 14% routinely accepted PHS-IRD kidneys. Infectious transmission was the biggest disincentive reported (59%), with only 55% of respondents feeling comfortable counseling families on the associated risks. 82% of respondents did not perceive all PHS-IRD as the same, and 90% supported stratifying PHS-IRD into tiers based on risk, which would increase the likelihood of organ acceptance (82%) and assist in counseling families (91%). Conclusions: With improved utilization, PHS-IRD kidneys offer a step toward decreasing the organ shortage. These findings suggest hesitance in use of PHS-IRD kidneys for pediatric recipients. Further stratification of risk could aid in provider organ acceptance and counseling patients.