TY - JOUR
T1 - Reduced folate carrier gene (RFCI) expression and anti-folate resistance in transfected and non-selected cell lines
AU - Moscow, Jeffrey A.
AU - Connolly, Tatiana
AU - Myers, Timothy G.
AU - Cheng, C. C.
AU - Paull, Kenneth
AU - Cowan, Kenneth H.
PY - 1997/7/3
Y1 - 1997/7/3
N2 - Methotrexate transport deficiency due to decreased reduced folate carrier (RFC) activity has been observed in several cell lines selected for resistance to methotrexate (MTX). Since MTX resistance is multifactorial, however, it is difficult to quantify the relative importance of changes in RFC activity in selected cell lines and even more so to determine the relative contribution of naturally occurring RFC activity in the MTX sensitivity of non-selected cell lines. We examined the role of RFC in MTX resistance by studying a transport-deficient cell line transfected with the gene for human RFC, RFCI, and by correlating relative RFCI expression with MTX and trimetrexate (TMTX) growth inhibition (GI50) in a panel of cell lines used in the NCI Anticancer Drug Screen. Clones of transport-deficient, MTX-resistant ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells (MTX(R) ZR-75-1) transfected with RFCI were 250-fold more sensitive to MTX and 300-fold more resistant to TMTX than control cell clones, showing that restoration of RFC activity has a significant impact on MTX and TMTX cytotoxicity. We also surveyed 40 of the 60 cell lines in the NCI drug screen panel for RFCI RNA levels by a quantitative RT-PCR assay. RFCI RNA levels varied over a range of 15-fold, with only 1 cell line found to be null in expression. Using data from the 6- day drug exposure assay, RFCI correlated positively with MTX and negatively with TMTX cytotoxicity. As predicted by transfection studies, the calculated difference between MTX and TMTX potency was even more strongly correlated with RFCI RNA levels of the cell lines. In addition, compounds in the NCI Anticancer Drug Screen database with cytotoxicity profiles which correlated with RFCI RNA levels or with the calculated difference in MTX-TMTX potency were examined for MTX uptake inhibition and cytotoxicity in the RFCI- transfected MTX(R) ZR-75-1 cell line. Overall, our data demonstrate the importance of RFCI in MTX resistance both as a transgene and as a constitutively expressed gene in non-selected cell lines.
AB - Methotrexate transport deficiency due to decreased reduced folate carrier (RFC) activity has been observed in several cell lines selected for resistance to methotrexate (MTX). Since MTX resistance is multifactorial, however, it is difficult to quantify the relative importance of changes in RFC activity in selected cell lines and even more so to determine the relative contribution of naturally occurring RFC activity in the MTX sensitivity of non-selected cell lines. We examined the role of RFC in MTX resistance by studying a transport-deficient cell line transfected with the gene for human RFC, RFCI, and by correlating relative RFCI expression with MTX and trimetrexate (TMTX) growth inhibition (GI50) in a panel of cell lines used in the NCI Anticancer Drug Screen. Clones of transport-deficient, MTX-resistant ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells (MTX(R) ZR-75-1) transfected with RFCI were 250-fold more sensitive to MTX and 300-fold more resistant to TMTX than control cell clones, showing that restoration of RFC activity has a significant impact on MTX and TMTX cytotoxicity. We also surveyed 40 of the 60 cell lines in the NCI drug screen panel for RFCI RNA levels by a quantitative RT-PCR assay. RFCI RNA levels varied over a range of 15-fold, with only 1 cell line found to be null in expression. Using data from the 6- day drug exposure assay, RFCI correlated positively with MTX and negatively with TMTX cytotoxicity. As predicted by transfection studies, the calculated difference between MTX and TMTX potency was even more strongly correlated with RFCI RNA levels of the cell lines. In addition, compounds in the NCI Anticancer Drug Screen database with cytotoxicity profiles which correlated with RFCI RNA levels or with the calculated difference in MTX-TMTX potency were examined for MTX uptake inhibition and cytotoxicity in the RFCI- transfected MTX(R) ZR-75-1 cell line. Overall, our data demonstrate the importance of RFCI in MTX resistance both as a transgene and as a constitutively expressed gene in non-selected cell lines.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030745895&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0030745895&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970703)72:1<184::AID-IJC26>3.0.CO;2-I
DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970703)72:1<184::AID-IJC26>3.0.CO;2-I
M3 - Article
C2 - 9212241
AN - SCOPUS:0030745895
SN - 0020-7136
VL - 72
SP - 184
EP - 190
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
IS - 1
ER -