TY - JOUR
T1 - Remediating phenol-contaminated groundwater and aquifer using persulfate oxidation
AU - Yoo-Iam, Maneekarn
AU - Satapanajaru, Tunlawit
AU - Chokejaroenrat, Chanat
AU - Sakulthaew, Chainarong
AU - Comfort, Steve
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/0010/2557) to Miss Maneekarn Yoo-iam and Associate Professor Dr. Tunlawit Satapanajaru. We also thank the Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI), Bangkok, Thailand, the Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, and the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln for partial research funding, providing the research area and all the equipment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - A chemical spill in Chachoengsao province, Thailand resulted in a phenol-contaminated aquifer. Our objective was to remediate the phenol-contaminated groundwater and aquifer using oxidation with persulfate (PS). Groundwater and aquifer collected near a source zone were characterized and used in the experiments. The experimental design was set up under the criteria of specific sites and contaminants. To optimize efficacy, various experimental variables were tested: initial persulfate (PS) and phenol concentrations, pH, transition metals as persulfate activators, and the concentration ratios of PS to Fe2+. The phenol degradation rates enhanced when the pH was increased from 3 to 7 but then continually decreased as the pH was increased from 7 to 9. Five transition metal (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) were tested as PS activators. By using equivalent molar concen-trations, we found the rate of phenol degradation was highest when PS was activated by Fe2+. By using a 500:5 PS to Fe2+ ratio, phenol removal efficiency increased almost three-fold over a 500:1 PS to Fe2+ ratio (kobs = 0.35 h–1 vs. kobs = 0.12 h–1). Using a statistical-based response surface method-ology, we found that the optimum conditions for treating phenol-contaminated groundwater were 522.40 mg PS L–1 with 4.85 mg Fe2+ L–1 at pH 6.99. The use of activated persulfate to remove phenol during miscible displacement was also investigated. Column leaching experiments were per-formed where persulfate was injected into an aquifer column containing 1% zerovalent iron (w/w) as an activator. The results showed that after displacing three pore volumes, phenol concentrations decreased 82%. Using activated persulfate also increased the percentage of phenol oxidized during transport by 20%. These results confirmed the use of activated persulfate for the removal of phenol from contaminated groundwater and aquifer.
AB - A chemical spill in Chachoengsao province, Thailand resulted in a phenol-contaminated aquifer. Our objective was to remediate the phenol-contaminated groundwater and aquifer using oxidation with persulfate (PS). Groundwater and aquifer collected near a source zone were characterized and used in the experiments. The experimental design was set up under the criteria of specific sites and contaminants. To optimize efficacy, various experimental variables were tested: initial persulfate (PS) and phenol concentrations, pH, transition metals as persulfate activators, and the concentration ratios of PS to Fe2+. The phenol degradation rates enhanced when the pH was increased from 3 to 7 but then continually decreased as the pH was increased from 7 to 9. Five transition metal (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) were tested as PS activators. By using equivalent molar concen-trations, we found the rate of phenol degradation was highest when PS was activated by Fe2+. By using a 500:5 PS to Fe2+ ratio, phenol removal efficiency increased almost three-fold over a 500:1 PS to Fe2+ ratio (kobs = 0.35 h–1 vs. kobs = 0.12 h–1). Using a statistical-based response surface method-ology, we found that the optimum conditions for treating phenol-contaminated groundwater were 522.40 mg PS L–1 with 4.85 mg Fe2+ L–1 at pH 6.99. The use of activated persulfate to remove phenol during miscible displacement was also investigated. Column leaching experiments were per-formed where persulfate was injected into an aquifer column containing 1% zerovalent iron (w/w) as an activator. The results showed that after displacing three pore volumes, phenol concentrations decreased 82%. Using activated persulfate also increased the percentage of phenol oxidized during transport by 20%. These results confirmed the use of activated persulfate for the removal of phenol from contaminated groundwater and aquifer.
KW - Aquifer
KW - Groundwater remediation
KW - Persulfate
KW - Phenol
KW - Response surface methodology
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U2 - 10.5004/dwt.2020.26439
DO - 10.5004/dwt.2020.26439
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85098491355
VL - 208
SP - 159
EP - 171
JO - Desalination and Water Treatment
JF - Desalination and Water Treatment
SN - 1944-3994
ER -