TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of divalent cations in HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity
AU - Khan, Nabab
AU - Chen, Xuesong
AU - Geiger, Jonathan D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: We gratefully acknowledge research funding support provided by the National Institute of Health (NIH), USA; P30GM100329, U54GM115458, R01MH100972, R01MH105329, R01MH119000, 2R01NS065957, and 2R01DA032444.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors.
PY - 2020/4
Y1 - 2020/4
N2 - Divalent cations are essential for life and are fundamentally important coordinators of cellular metabolism, cell growth, host-pathogen interactions, and cell death. Specifically, for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), divalent cations are required for interactions between viral and host factors that govern HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity. Homeostatic regulation of divalent cations' levels and actions appear to change as HIV-1 infection progresses and as changes occur between HIV-1 and the host. In people living with HIV-1, dietary supplementation with divalent cations may increase HIV-1 replication, whereas cation chelation may suppress HIV-1 replication and decrease disease progression. Here, we review literature on the roles of zinc (Zn2+), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), magnesium (Mg2+), selenium (Se2+), and copper (Cu2+) in HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity, as well as evidence that divalent cation levels and actions may be targeted therapeutically in people living with HIV-1.
AB - Divalent cations are essential for life and are fundamentally important coordinators of cellular metabolism, cell growth, host-pathogen interactions, and cell death. Specifically, for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), divalent cations are required for interactions between viral and host factors that govern HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity. Homeostatic regulation of divalent cations' levels and actions appear to change as HIV-1 infection progresses and as changes occur between HIV-1 and the host. In people living with HIV-1, dietary supplementation with divalent cations may increase HIV-1 replication, whereas cation chelation may suppress HIV-1 replication and decrease disease progression. Here, we review literature on the roles of zinc (Zn2+), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), magnesium (Mg2+), selenium (Se2+), and copper (Cu2+) in HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity, as well as evidence that divalent cation levels and actions may be targeted therapeutically in people living with HIV-1.
KW - Divalent cations
KW - Endolysosomes
KW - HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders
KW - Human immunodeficiency virus type-1
KW - Transactivator of transcription
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U2 - 10.3390/v12040471
DO - 10.3390/v12040471
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32326317
AN - SCOPUS:85083772002
VL - 12
JO - Viruses
JF - Viruses
SN - 1999-4915
IS - 4
M1 - v12040471
ER -