Sandi fly fever: What have we learned in one hundred years

Sand fly fever has severely impacted military missions in southern Europe and the Middle East for hundreds of year's. After a brief respite following the malaria eradication programs of World War II, it has returned as a significant disease among residents in and travelers to the Mediterranean rim. It is a more severe disease now, with potential vectors in the United States. Sand fly fever is discussed in terms of its viruses, vectors, disease, control, and potential domestic impact.