@article{e1ff239e873842fabee78013e08fabaa,
title = "Smoking cessation",
abstract = "Cigarette smoking is arguably the major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the developed world. The Department of Health and Human Services in the United States classifies cigarette smoking as a chronic, often relapsing disease. Like most complex diseases, genetic and environmental factors play important roles and contribute to both smoking initiation and persistence. This review summarizes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for smoking cessation and provides references to evidence-based guidelines and support material. As smoking is an etiologic and exacerbating factor for lung diseases, the pulmonary physician should be particularly expert in smoking cessation interventions.",
author = "Chandler, {Michael A.} and Rennard, {Stephen I.}",
note = "Funding Information: Financial/nonfinancial disclosures: The authors have reported to CHEST the following conflicts of interest: Dr Rennard has had or currently has a number of relationships with companies who provide products and/or services relevant to outpatient management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking cessation. These relationships include serving as a consultant, advising regarding clinical trials, speaking at continuing medical education programs and performing funded research both at basic and clinical levels. He does not own any stock in any pharmaceutical companies. He has received funding from the tobacco industry for studies relating to harm reduction and to the impact of tobacco smoke on stem cells. He received funding from RJ Reynolds to evaluate the effect of a harm reduction product and to assess the effect of smoking cessation or lower respiratory tract inflammation, and he received funding for a clinical trial from the Institute for Science and Health, which received support from the tobacco industry, to evaluate biomarkers in exhaled breath associated with smoking cessation and reduction. This study was supplemented with funding from Lorillard and RJ Reynolds. He has received a grant from the Philip Morris External Research Program to assess the impact of cigarette smoking on circulating stem cells in the mouse. None of these sources contributed in any way to the current article. Dr Chandler has reported no conflicts exist with any companies/organizations whose products or services may be discussed in this article.",
year = "2010",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1378/chest.09-0124",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "137",
pages = "428--435",
journal = "Chest",
issn = "0012-3692",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "2",
}