TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial and seasonal distribution of synthetic musks in sewage treatment plants of Shanghai, China
AU - Sang, Wenjing
AU - Zhang, Yalei
AU - Zhou, Xuefei
AU - Zhang, T. C.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - As one kind of emerging contaminant, synthetic musks (SMs) are commonly used in varying amounts in many personal care products and have been detected in different environmental systems. Occurrence and fate of four common SMs [galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK)] were studied in different sewage treatment plants (STPs) of Shanghai, China among different seasons. Results showed that total dissolved concentrations of the four SMs were 536-3,173 ng/L in influent, 351-2,595 ng/L in effluent and 147-6,839 μg/kg dry weights in sludge. The SM concentrations varied with input sources, STP treatment processes, usage patterns, and different seasons or surveyed years of consumption. There was no significant removal of SMs in most of the sewage samples of the four STPs. Significant positive correlations were observed between concentrations of HHCB and AHTN (R 2 = 0.9062, n = 12, p< 0.05), HHCB and MK (R 2 = 0.7471, n = 8, p< 0.05), as well as AHTN and MK (R 2 = 0.9321, n = 8, p< 0.05) in sludge samples.
AB - As one kind of emerging contaminant, synthetic musks (SMs) are commonly used in varying amounts in many personal care products and have been detected in different environmental systems. Occurrence and fate of four common SMs [galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK)] were studied in different sewage treatment plants (STPs) of Shanghai, China among different seasons. Results showed that total dissolved concentrations of the four SMs were 536-3,173 ng/L in influent, 351-2,595 ng/L in effluent and 147-6,839 μg/kg dry weights in sludge. The SM concentrations varied with input sources, STP treatment processes, usage patterns, and different seasons or surveyed years of consumption. There was no significant removal of SMs in most of the sewage samples of the four STPs. Significant positive correlations were observed between concentrations of HHCB and AHTN (R 2 = 0.9062, n = 12, p< 0.05), HHCB and MK (R 2 = 0.7471, n = 8, p< 0.05), as well as AHTN and MK (R 2 = 0.9321, n = 8, p< 0.05) in sludge samples.
KW - Effluent
KW - Influent
KW - Sewage treatment plant
KW - Sludge
KW - Synthetic musks
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U2 - 10.2166/wst.2012.158
DO - 10.2166/wst.2012.158
M3 - Article
C2 - 22678219
AN - SCOPUS:84862631089
SN - 0273-1223
VL - 66
SP - 201
EP - 209
JO - Water Science and Technology
JF - Water Science and Technology
IS - 1
ER -