TY - JOUR
T1 - Spontaneous formation of multilayer refractory carbide coatings in a molten salt media
AU - Constantin, Loic
AU - Fan, Lisha
AU - Pouey, Mathilde
AU - Roger, Jérôme
AU - Cui, Bai
AU - Silvain, Jean François
AU - Lu, Yong Feng
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. This research was performed in part in the Nebraska Nanoscale Facility: National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure and the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, which are supported by the NSF under Award Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems 1542182, and the Nebraska Research Initiative. We thank Jamie Eske for her editing to the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/5/4
Y1 - 2021/5/4
N2 - Refractory materials hold great promise to develop functional multilayer coating for extreme environments and temperature applications but require high temperature and complex synthesis to overcome their strong atomic bonding and form a multilayer structure. Here, a spontaneous reaction producing sophisticated multilayer refractory carbide coatings on carbon fiber (CF) is reported. This approach utilizes a relatively low-temperature (950 °C) molten-salt process for forming refractory carbides. The reaction of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and CF yields a complex, high-quality multilayer carbide coating composed of 1) Cr carbide (Cr3C2), 2) Ti carbide, and 3) Cr3C2 layers. The layered sequence arises from a difference in metal dissolutions, reactions, and diffusion rates in the salt media. The multilayer-coated CFs act as a permeable oxidation barrier with no crystalline degradation of the CFs after extreme temperature (1,200 °C) and environment (oxyacetylene flame) exposure. The synthesis of high-quality multilayer refractory coating in a fast, efficient, easy, and clean manner may answer the need for industrial applications that develop cheap and reliable extreme environment protection barriers.
AB - Refractory materials hold great promise to develop functional multilayer coating for extreme environments and temperature applications but require high temperature and complex synthesis to overcome their strong atomic bonding and form a multilayer structure. Here, a spontaneous reaction producing sophisticated multilayer refractory carbide coatings on carbon fiber (CF) is reported. This approach utilizes a relatively low-temperature (950 °C) molten-salt process for forming refractory carbides. The reaction of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and CF yields a complex, high-quality multilayer carbide coating composed of 1) Cr carbide (Cr3C2), 2) Ti carbide, and 3) Cr3C2 layers. The layered sequence arises from a difference in metal dissolutions, reactions, and diffusion rates in the salt media. The multilayer-coated CFs act as a permeable oxidation barrier with no crystalline degradation of the CFs after extreme temperature (1,200 °C) and environment (oxyacetylene flame) exposure. The synthesis of high-quality multilayer refractory coating in a fast, efficient, easy, and clean manner may answer the need for industrial applications that develop cheap and reliable extreme environment protection barriers.
KW - Carbon fibers
KW - Molten salt synthesis
KW - Multilayer coating
KW - Oxidation barrier
KW - Refractory carbide
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.2100663118
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2100663118
M3 - Article
C2 - 33903251
AN - SCOPUS:85105679142
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 118
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 18
M1 - 2100663118
ER -