Standardized rat model testing effects of inflammation and grafting on extraction healing

Emily S. Willett, Jingpeng Liu, Molly Berke, Peter J. Giannini, Marian Schmid, Zhenshan Jia, Xiaobei Wang, Xiaoyan Wang, Kaeli Samson, Fang Yu, Dong Wang, Ali Nawshad, Richard A. Reinhardt

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Loss of alveolar ridge width and height after tooth extraction is well documented, but models to evaluate ridge preservation are neither standardized nor cost-effective. This rat model characterizes the pattern of bone turnover and inflammation after extraction and bone grafting with or without local simvastatin (SIM). Methods: Fifty retired-breeder rats underwent extraction of the maxillary right first molar and standard surgical defect creation under inhalation/local anesthesia. The left side of each animal served as unmanipulated control. Untreated groups (n = 8 to 9 per group) were compared (analysis of variance, t test) at days 0, 7, 14, and 28 for alveolar ridge height and width and for markers of inflammation and bone turnover by microcomputed tomography, histology, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventeen additional specimens had defects grafted with either bone mineralized matrix (BMM) or a BMM+SIM conjugate. Results: Extraction-induced bone loss (BL) was noted on buccal, palatal, and interproximal height (P <0.05) and ridge width (P <0.01). Week 1 inflammation positively correlated with ridge height; thereafter, a more intense inflammatory reaction corresponded to reduction in alveolar bone height and density (r = 0.74; P <0.05; Spearman). BMM+SIM preserved the most interproximal bone height (P <0.01), increased ridge width and bone density (P <0.01), enhanced 7-day prostaglandin E2 (P <0.01), and reduced 28-day inflammation density (P <0.05). Conclusions: The standard defect used in the current study paralleled human postextraction alveolar BL. Defect grafting, especially BMM+SIM, reduced inflammation and preserved bone.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)799-807
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of periodontology
Volume88
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2017

Keywords

  • Bone remodeling
  • Inflammation
  • Rats
  • Tooth extraction

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Periodontics

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