Staphylococcus aureus infections after liver transplantation

Background: More data on the risk factors and outcomes after Staphylococcus aureus infections in liver transplantation are needed. Methods: Liver recipients with S. aureus infections (cases) were retrospectively identified and compared to gender-, age-, and transplant type-matched (1:2) non-S. aureusinfected controls. Risk factors associated with S. aureus infections were identified by conditional logistic regression analysis. Results:: We evaluated 51 patients (median age 52 years). First S. aureus infections developed at a median time of 29 days after transplantation, with 52.94% of them in the first month; 88.24% were nosocomial, 41.18% were polymicrobial, and 47.06% were caused by methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA). Surgical site infections represented 58.82% and bacteremia 23.53%. By univariate analysis, patients with S. aureus infections were intubated more frequently (odds ratio [OR] 26.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.23-3,504.15, p = 0.0006), had a central line (OR 11.69, 95% CI 1.42-95.9, p = 0.02), or recent surgery (OR 26.92, 95% CI 3.23-3,504.15, p = 0.0006) compared with controls. By multivariate analysis, subjects who underwent surgery within 2 weeks prior to infection had a 26.9 times higher risk of developing S. aureus infection (95% CI 3.23-3,504.15, p = 0.0006); these results were adjusted for matched criteria. S. aureus infections did not affect graft or patient survival, but the study was not powered for such outcomes. Conclusion: Only recent surgical procedure was found to be a significant independent risk factor for S. aureus infections after liver transplantation.