TY - JOUR
T1 - Steam distillation extraction kinetics regression models to predict essential oil yield, composition, and bioactivity of chamomile oil
AU - Gawde, Archana
AU - Cantrell, Charles L.
AU - Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.
AU - Astatkie, Tess
AU - Schlegel, Vicki
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Jeremiah Vardiman, Rochelle Koltiska, and Ekaterina Jeliazkova from the University of Wyoming Sheridan Research and Extension Center for their help with the laboratory work, and the extraction and measurements of the chamomile oils. The authors also thank Solomon Green III and Amber Reichley for technical assistance at the National Center for Natural Products Research in Oxford, MS and USDA-ARS . Financial support was provided in part by the University of Wyoming Outreach School and the Department of Plant Science allocations to Valtcho D. Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov).
PY - 2014/7
Y1 - 2014/7
N2 - Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is one of the most widely spread and used medicinal and essential oil crops in the world. Chamomile essential oil is extracted via steam distillation of the inflorescences (flowers). In this study, distillation time (DT) was found to be a crucial determinant of yield and composition of chamomile essential oil, but not of the antioxidant capacity. Essential oil obtained at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 600, and 720. min showed significant increase in oil yield with increasing DT, reaching a maximum of 3.1. g oil per 1000. g of flowers at 720. min. The major compounds that were identified and quantified were anethole, β-farnesene, spathulenol, α-bisabolol oxide B, α-bisabolone oxide A, chamazulene, α-bisabolol oxide A, and spiroether. β-farnesene showed a decrease in content with increasing DT, whereas α-bisabolol oxide A, spiroether, and chamazulene rapidly increased up to 240. min, after which it started to plateau showing negligible change. Anethole content showed a steady decrease over time from approximately 2.4% at 30. min to 0.54% at 720. min. Yields of spathulenol, α-bisabolol oxide B, α-bisabolol oxide A, α-bisabolone oxide A, chamazulene, and spiroether essential oil constituents expressed as g/100. g of dried chamomile inflorescences showed a steady increase that was described well by the Michaelis-Menton model. If higher concentrations of α-bisabolol oxide A and chamazulene, and higher oil yields are desired, chamomile flowers must be steam distilled for 480. min. However, if oil with high β-farnesene concentration is desirable, then chamomile flowers should be distilled for 30. min. Distillation time can be used as a modifier of chamomile essential oil yield and composition. The kinetics regression models developed in this study can be utilized to predict essential oil yield, and composition of chamomile oil.
AB - Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is one of the most widely spread and used medicinal and essential oil crops in the world. Chamomile essential oil is extracted via steam distillation of the inflorescences (flowers). In this study, distillation time (DT) was found to be a crucial determinant of yield and composition of chamomile essential oil, but not of the antioxidant capacity. Essential oil obtained at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 600, and 720. min showed significant increase in oil yield with increasing DT, reaching a maximum of 3.1. g oil per 1000. g of flowers at 720. min. The major compounds that were identified and quantified were anethole, β-farnesene, spathulenol, α-bisabolol oxide B, α-bisabolone oxide A, chamazulene, α-bisabolol oxide A, and spiroether. β-farnesene showed a decrease in content with increasing DT, whereas α-bisabolol oxide A, spiroether, and chamazulene rapidly increased up to 240. min, after which it started to plateau showing negligible change. Anethole content showed a steady decrease over time from approximately 2.4% at 30. min to 0.54% at 720. min. Yields of spathulenol, α-bisabolol oxide B, α-bisabolol oxide A, α-bisabolone oxide A, chamazulene, and spiroether essential oil constituents expressed as g/100. g of dried chamomile inflorescences showed a steady increase that was described well by the Michaelis-Menton model. If higher concentrations of α-bisabolol oxide A and chamazulene, and higher oil yields are desired, chamomile flowers must be steam distilled for 480. min. However, if oil with high β-farnesene concentration is desirable, then chamomile flowers should be distilled for 30. min. Distillation time can be used as a modifier of chamomile essential oil yield and composition. The kinetics regression models developed in this study can be utilized to predict essential oil yield, and composition of chamomile oil.
KW - Chamomile antimicrobial activity
KW - Chamomile antioxidant capacity
KW - Essential oil profile
KW - Matricaria chamomilla
KW - Matricaria recutita
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U2 - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.04.001
DO - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.04.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84899690632
VL - 58
SP - 61
EP - 67
JO - Industrial Crops and Products
JF - Industrial Crops and Products
SN - 0926-6690
ER -