TY - JOUR
T1 - Steroid analysis by ion mobility spectrometry
AU - Rister, Alana L.
AU - Dodds, Eric D.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by funding from the National Science Foundation , Division of Chemistry, through the Chemical Measurement and Imaging Program (grant number 1507989 ). Funding from the National Institutes of Health , National Institute of General Medical Sciences , was received through a Maximizing Investigators’ Research Award to E.D.D. (grant number R35GM128926 ), a fellowship to A.L.R. from the Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Predoctoral Training Program (grant number T32GM107001 ), and through the Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (grant number P20GM113126 ). Finally, the authors thank Ms. Jessica L. Minnick for constructive comments on a draft of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - Steroids are an important biomolecule class for analysis due to their promise as biomarkers for various diseases and their abuse as performance enhancers in sports. Current analytical methods, including chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fall short of being able to confidently analyze steroids, partly due to the large number of steroid isomers. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), a gas-phase ion separator, has shown potential for steroid analysis both in conjunction with liquid chromatography (LC) and as a stand-alone technique. This review will examine the current literature on IMS analysis of steroids. Analysis by LC-IMS will include examination of steroids and steroid glucuronides in human urine and serum samples for enhanced signal-to-noise ratios and higher confidence of identification. The stand-alone IMS analysis will examine the use of derivatization of steroids and formation of multimers to enhance resolution for steroid isomers analysis, where both methods have been shown to greatly increase the separation of steroid isomer species. However, these methods have not been applied to biological mixtures to assess their applicability to medical and forensic applications, which should be a future direction of this field.
AB - Steroids are an important biomolecule class for analysis due to their promise as biomarkers for various diseases and their abuse as performance enhancers in sports. Current analytical methods, including chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fall short of being able to confidently analyze steroids, partly due to the large number of steroid isomers. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), a gas-phase ion separator, has shown potential for steroid analysis both in conjunction with liquid chromatography (LC) and as a stand-alone technique. This review will examine the current literature on IMS analysis of steroids. Analysis by LC-IMS will include examination of steroids and steroid glucuronides in human urine and serum samples for enhanced signal-to-noise ratios and higher confidence of identification. The stand-alone IMS analysis will examine the use of derivatization of steroids and formation of multimers to enhance resolution for steroid isomers analysis, where both methods have been shown to greatly increase the separation of steroid isomer species. However, these methods have not been applied to biological mixtures to assess their applicability to medical and forensic applications, which should be a future direction of this field.
KW - Ion mobility spectrometry
KW - Liquid chromatography
KW - Steroid analysis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108531
DO - 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108531
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31672629
AN - SCOPUS:85074344950
SN - 0039-128X
VL - 153
JO - Steroids
JF - Steroids
M1 - 108531
ER -