TY - JOUR
T1 - Stress induces rapid changes in central catecholaminergic activity in Anolis carolinensis
T2 - Restraint and forced physical activity
AU - Waters, R. Parrish
AU - Emerson, Aaron J.
AU - Watt, Michael J.
AU - Forster, Gina L.
AU - Swallow, John G.
AU - Summers, Cliff H.
PY - 2005/10/15
Y1 - 2005/10/15
N2 - Immobilization stress and physical activity separately influence monoaminergic function. In addition, it appears that stress and locomotion reciprocally modulate neuroendocrine responses, with forced exercise ameliorating stress-induced serotonergic activity in lizards. To investigate the interaction of forced physical activity and restraint stress on central dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (Epi), we measured these catecholamines and their metabolites in select brain regions of stressed and exercised male Anolis carolinensis lizards. Animals were handled briefly to elicit restraint stress, with some lizards additionally forced to run on a track until exhaustion, or half that time (50% of average time to exhaustion), compared to a control group that experienced no restraint or exercise. Norepinephrine concentrations in the hippocampus and locus ceruleus decreased with restraint stress, but returned to control levels following forced exhaustion. Levels of NE in the raphé nuclei and area postrema, and epinephrine in raphé became elevated following restraint stress, and returned to control levels following forced physical activity to 50% or 100% exhaustion. Striatal DA increased as animals were exercised to 50% of exhaustion, and returned to baseline with exhaustion. At exhaustion, striatal Epi levels were diminished, compared with controls. In the area postrema, exhaustion reversed a decline in epinephrine levels that followed forced physical activity. These results suggest that stress stimulates a rapid influence on central catecholamines. In addition, forced exercise, and even exhaustion, may alleviate the effects of restraint stress on central monoamines.
AB - Immobilization stress and physical activity separately influence monoaminergic function. In addition, it appears that stress and locomotion reciprocally modulate neuroendocrine responses, with forced exercise ameliorating stress-induced serotonergic activity in lizards. To investigate the interaction of forced physical activity and restraint stress on central dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (Epi), we measured these catecholamines and their metabolites in select brain regions of stressed and exercised male Anolis carolinensis lizards. Animals were handled briefly to elicit restraint stress, with some lizards additionally forced to run on a track until exhaustion, or half that time (50% of average time to exhaustion), compared to a control group that experienced no restraint or exercise. Norepinephrine concentrations in the hippocampus and locus ceruleus decreased with restraint stress, but returned to control levels following forced exhaustion. Levels of NE in the raphé nuclei and area postrema, and epinephrine in raphé became elevated following restraint stress, and returned to control levels following forced physical activity to 50% or 100% exhaustion. Striatal DA increased as animals were exercised to 50% of exhaustion, and returned to baseline with exhaustion. At exhaustion, striatal Epi levels were diminished, compared with controls. In the area postrema, exhaustion reversed a decline in epinephrine levels that followed forced physical activity. These results suggest that stress stimulates a rapid influence on central catecholamines. In addition, forced exercise, and even exhaustion, may alleviate the effects of restraint stress on central monoamines.
KW - Dopamine
KW - Epinephrine
KW - Exercise
KW - Exhaustion
KW - Lizard
KW - Norepinephrine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=24144479406&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=24144479406&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.029
DO - 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.029
M3 - Article
C2 - 16144657
AN - SCOPUS:24144479406
VL - 67
SP - 210
EP - 218
JO - Brain Research Bulletin
JF - Brain Research Bulletin
SN - 0361-9230
IS - 3
ER -