TY - JOUR
T1 - Structural and Functional Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Homoserine Transacetylase
AU - Sharma, Sachin
AU - Jayasinghe, Yahani P.
AU - Mishra, Neeraj Kumar
AU - Orimoloye, Moyosore O.
AU - Wong, Tsung Yun
AU - Dalluge, Joseph J.
AU - Ronning, Donald R.
AU - Aldrich, Courtney C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, R01-AI143784 to C.C.A. and R21-AI151924 to D.R.R. We would like to thank Peter Villalta and Yingchun zhao for helping us with mass spectrometry experiments. The content is the sole responsibility of authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2023/3/10
Y1 - 2023/3/10
N2 - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lacking functional homoserine transacetylase (HTA) is compromised in methionine biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and in the activity of multiple essential S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent enzymes. Additionally, deficient mutants are further disarmed by the toxic accumulation of lysine due to a redirection of the metabolic flux toward the lysine biosynthetic pathway. Studies with deletion mutants and crystallographic studies of the apoenzyme have, respectively, validated Mtb HTA as an essential enzyme and revealed a ligandable binding site. Seeking a mechanistic characterization of this enzyme, we report crucial structural details and comprehensive functional characterization of Mtb HTA. Crystallographic and mass spectral observation of the acetylated HTA intermediate and initial velocity studies were consistent with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. Wild-type HTA and its site-directed mutants were kinetically characterized with a panel of natural and alternative substrates to understand substrate specificity and identify critical residues for catalysis. Titration experiments using fluorescence quenching showed that both substrates─acetyl-CoA and l-homoserine─engage in a strong and weak binding interaction with HTA. Additionally, substrate inhibition by acetyl-CoA and product inhibition by CoA and O-acetyl-l-homoserine were proposed to form the basis of a feedback regulation mechanism. By furnishing key mechanistic and structural information, these studies provide a foundation for structure-based design efforts around this attractive Mtb target.
AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lacking functional homoserine transacetylase (HTA) is compromised in methionine biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and in the activity of multiple essential S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent enzymes. Additionally, deficient mutants are further disarmed by the toxic accumulation of lysine due to a redirection of the metabolic flux toward the lysine biosynthetic pathway. Studies with deletion mutants and crystallographic studies of the apoenzyme have, respectively, validated Mtb HTA as an essential enzyme and revealed a ligandable binding site. Seeking a mechanistic characterization of this enzyme, we report crucial structural details and comprehensive functional characterization of Mtb HTA. Crystallographic and mass spectral observation of the acetylated HTA intermediate and initial velocity studies were consistent with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. Wild-type HTA and its site-directed mutants were kinetically characterized with a panel of natural and alternative substrates to understand substrate specificity and identify critical residues for catalysis. Titration experiments using fluorescence quenching showed that both substrates─acetyl-CoA and l-homoserine─engage in a strong and weak binding interaction with HTA. Additionally, substrate inhibition by acetyl-CoA and product inhibition by CoA and O-acetyl-l-homoserine were proposed to form the basis of a feedback regulation mechanism. By furnishing key mechanistic and structural information, these studies provide a foundation for structure-based design efforts around this attractive Mtb target.
KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
KW - enzyme kinetics
KW - homoserine O-transacetylase
KW - intermediate structure
KW - metabolic gene
KW - methionine biosynthesis
KW - site-directed mutagenesis
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U2 - 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00541
DO - 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00541
M3 - Article
C2 - 36753622
AN - SCOPUS:85147829965
SN - 2373-8227
VL - 9
SP - 540
EP - 553
JO - ACS infectious diseases
JF - ACS infectious diseases
IS - 3
ER -