Synchronous bilateral lung cancer with discordant histology

Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC) is a rare occurrence affecting 0.5% to 2% of patients with lung cancer. Synchronous discordant histology with small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma is an even less common entity. There have been several presentations of synchronous or metachronous multiple primary lung cancers in the literature. However, reports discussing treatment options and prognosis in patients with SMPLC of discordant histology with small cell and non-small cell carcinoma in the same patient are scarce. We report a case of SMPLC presenting with a limited stage left upper lobe small cell lung cancer and an operable right upper lobe non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. Diagnostic, surgical, and medical treatment options for the patient along with a review of SMPLC topics are presented.