TY - JOUR
T1 - Synergistic Detrimental Effects of Cigarette Smoke, Alcohol, and SARS-CoV-2 in COPD Bronchial Epithelial Cells
AU - Muralidharan, Abenaya
AU - Bauer, Christopher D.
AU - Katafiasz, Dawn M.
AU - Strah, Heather M.
AU - Siddique, Aleem
AU - Reid, St Patrick
AU - Bailey, Kristina L.
AU - Wyatt, Todd A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by VA Merit (I01 BX005413 to KLB and BX005886 to TAW). T.A.W. is the recipient of a Research Career Scientist Award (IK6 BX005962) from the Department of Veterans Affairs. A.M. is the recipient of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Fellowship Award (Funding Reference Number: 202012MFE-458423-251980).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Lung conditions such as COPD, as well as risk factors such as alcohol misuse and cigarette smoking, can exacerbate COVID-19 disease severity. Synergistically, these risk factors can have a significant impact on immunity against pathogens. Here, we studied the effect of a short exposure to alcohol and/or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro on acute SARS-CoV-2 infection of ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) collected from healthy and COPD donors. We observed an increase in viral titer in CSE- or alcohol-treated COPD HBECs compared to untreated COPD HBECs. Furthermore, we treated healthy HBECs accompanied by enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity, indicating exacerbated injury. Finally, IL-8 secretion was elevated due to the synergistic damage mediated by alcohol, CSE, and SARS-CoV-2 in COPD HBECs. Together, our data suggest that, with pre-existing COPD, short exposure to alcohol or CSE is sufficient to exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated injury, impairing lung defences.
AB - Lung conditions such as COPD, as well as risk factors such as alcohol misuse and cigarette smoking, can exacerbate COVID-19 disease severity. Synergistically, these risk factors can have a significant impact on immunity against pathogens. Here, we studied the effect of a short exposure to alcohol and/or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro on acute SARS-CoV-2 infection of ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) collected from healthy and COPD donors. We observed an increase in viral titer in CSE- or alcohol-treated COPD HBECs compared to untreated COPD HBECs. Furthermore, we treated healthy HBECs accompanied by enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity, indicating exacerbated injury. Finally, IL-8 secretion was elevated due to the synergistic damage mediated by alcohol, CSE, and SARS-CoV-2 in COPD HBECs. Together, our data suggest that, with pre-existing COPD, short exposure to alcohol or CSE is sufficient to exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated injury, impairing lung defences.
KW - alcohol
KW - cigarette smoking
KW - COPD
KW - lung injury
KW - SARS-CoV-2
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U2 - 10.3390/pathogens12030498
DO - 10.3390/pathogens12030498
M3 - Article
C2 - 36986420
AN - SCOPUS:85151434354
SN - 2076-0817
VL - 12
JO - Pathogens
JF - Pathogens
IS - 3
M1 - 498
ER -