TY - JOUR
T1 - Taxonomy and toxicity of Conocybe lactea and related species
AU - Hallen, Heather E.
AU - Watling, Roy
AU - Adams, Gerard C.
N1 - Funding Information:
Robert Fogel and the University of Michigan Herbarium were very kind in permitting us the use of their extensive fungal collections. This research was funded in part by the A. L. Rogers Medical Mycology Scholarship at Michigan State University. Mass spectral data were obtained at the Michigan State University Mass Spectrometry Facility which is supported, in part by a grant (DRR-00480) from the Biotechnology Research Technology Program, National Center for Research Resources, US National Institutes of Health.
PY - 2003/8/1
Y1 - 2003/8/1
N2 - Conocybe lactea was examined as part of a larger study on the distribution of amatoxins and phallotoxins in fungi, and the taxonomic relationships between these fungi. As amatoxins are present in the congener C. filaris, the locally abundant C. lactea was examined using HPLC and mass spectroscopy. Amatoxins were not found in C. lactea, but the related phallotoxins were present in small quantities making it the first fungus outside of the genus Amanita in which phallotoxins have been detected. Despite the presence of a related toxin, C. lactea was found not to be taxonomically close to C. filaris. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal RNA genes indicated that North American specimens of C. lactea were conspecific with North American specimens of C. crispa in Conocybe sect, Candidae. European C. crispa was a distinct taxon. The implications of the use of the name C. albipes for these taxa are discussed. Nucleotide data confirmed placement of the sequestrate taxon Gastrocybe lateritia in sect. Candidae, but as a distinct taxon. It is hypothesized that the unique sequestrate morphology of G. lateritia may be caused by a bacterial infection.
AB - Conocybe lactea was examined as part of a larger study on the distribution of amatoxins and phallotoxins in fungi, and the taxonomic relationships between these fungi. As amatoxins are present in the congener C. filaris, the locally abundant C. lactea was examined using HPLC and mass spectroscopy. Amatoxins were not found in C. lactea, but the related phallotoxins were present in small quantities making it the first fungus outside of the genus Amanita in which phallotoxins have been detected. Despite the presence of a related toxin, C. lactea was found not to be taxonomically close to C. filaris. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal RNA genes indicated that North American specimens of C. lactea were conspecific with North American specimens of C. crispa in Conocybe sect, Candidae. European C. crispa was a distinct taxon. The implications of the use of the name C. albipes for these taxa are discussed. Nucleotide data confirmed placement of the sequestrate taxon Gastrocybe lateritia in sect. Candidae, but as a distinct taxon. It is hypothesized that the unique sequestrate morphology of G. lateritia may be caused by a bacterial infection.
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U2 - 10.1017/S0953756203008190
DO - 10.1017/S0953756203008190
M3 - Article
C2 - 14531619
AN - SCOPUS:0141595150
SN - 1878-6146
VL - 107
SP - 969
EP - 979
JO - Mycological Research
JF - Mycological Research
IS - 8
ER -