@article{62fb054161364f99b3f9fc6f72400ce2,
title = "The Allergen: Sources, Extracts, and Molecules for Diagnosis of Allergic Disease",
abstract = "Allergenic source materials include pollen, molds, animal dander, and insects; food allergens from nuts, grains, and animals; venoms; and salivary proteins from insects and ticks. Clinical diagnostic tests have used heterogeneous extracts from allergen source materials for skin prick tests (SPTs). In vitro laboratory methods using immunoassays or microarrays can detect serum IgE directed against allergenic proteins where clinical testing may not be suitable. Clinicians rely primarily on licensed commercial extracts of allergens for SPTs. Manufacturers and regulatory agencies have standardized selected extracts for identity, composition, and potency. Allergen sources contain multiple proteins. The IgE antibody responses to these proteins vary between allergic subjects as does the quantity of specific IgE. Component-resolved molecular diagnostics can be used to improve the specificity of allergy testing and resolve clinical cross-reactivities that may affect treatment outcomes. This clinical commentary will review methods for the production, evaluation, and standardization of allergen extracts from the perspective of diagnostic testing that may be useful for allergists in practice.",
keywords = "Allergens, Allergy testing, Component-resolved diagnostics, IgE responses, Molecular diagnostics, Standardization",
author = "Goodman, {Richard E.} and Chapman, {Martin D.} and Slater, {Jay E.}",
note = "Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AI077653 to M. D. Chapman. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AI077653 to M. D. Chapman. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.Conflicts of interest: R. E. Goodman is the Manager of the Allergenonline.org and Chairman of the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee and reports funding from Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, from Unilever and Nuseed. M. D. Chapman is the founder of Indoor Biotechnologies. J. E. Slater is funded by intramural research funds from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. His contributions to this paper are an informal communication and represent his own best judgement. They do not bind or obligate the FDA Funding Information: Conflicts of interest: R. E. Goodman is the Manager of the Allergenonline.org and Chairman of the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee and reports funding from Food Allergy Research and Resource Program , from Unilever and Nuseed . M. D. Chapman is the founder of Indoor Biotechnologies. J. E. Slater is funded by intramural research funds from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. His contributions to this paper are an informal communication and represent his own best judgement. They do not bind or obligate the FDA Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.043",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
pages = "2506--2514",
journal = "Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice",
issn = "2213-2198",
publisher = "American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology",
number = "8",
}