The chicken and the pig: User involvement in developing usability heuristics

Traditionally, users have not been involved in certain usability engineering methods, although they arguably are the most important stakeholders. This paper explores the possibility of involving users in developing a set of usability heuristics for a specific type of application, an activity they are not usually involved in. Using a qualitative approach based on interviews, a focus group, and an online survey, usability experts and software users evaluated existing sets of heuristics in terms of their applicability to a specific type of application and developed new heuristics to supplement them. The results indicate that the users provide a valuable contribution to the adaptation of existing heuristics to a specific type of application. Users add a new perspective and can address problem areas that usability experts, especially those with little or no experience with the specific application area, would not have identified.