TY - JOUR
T1 - The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Stride-to-Stride Variability
AU - Moraiti, Constantina O.
AU - Stergiou, Nicholas
AU - Ristanis, Stavros
AU - Vasiliadis, Haris S.
AU - Patras, Kostas
AU - Lee, Cassandra
AU - Georgoulis, Anastasios D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by grants from the General Secretariat for Research and Technology (Operative Program Competitiveness; AKMON) to the Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Center and from the National Institutes of Health (K25HD047194) and the Nebraska Research Initiative to N.S. The authors report no conflict of interest.
PY - 2009/7
Y1 - 2009/7
N2 - Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis tendon (ST/G) autografts by evaluating stride-to-stride variability. Methods: Six patients with BPTB and 6 patients with STG ACL reconstruction, 2 years postoperatively, and 6 healthy control subjects walked on a treadmill at a self-selected pace while 2 minutes of continuous kinematic data were recorded with a 6-camera optoelectronic system. Stride-to-stride variability was calculated from the knee flexion/extension data using the nonlinear measure of approximate entropy, which estimates the regularity of movement patterns over time. Results: ACL reconstruction affects stride-to-stride variability. Both the BPTB and the ST/G groups had significantly larger approximate entropy values than the healthy controls. No differences were found between the BPTB and the ST/G approximate entropy values. Conclusions: After ACL reconstruction using either BPTB or quadrupled ST/G, there is increased gait variability as compared to healthy individuals. This could be caused by the altered neuromuscular activity found in ACL-reconstructed limbs. Level of Evidence: Level III, case control study.
AB - Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis tendon (ST/G) autografts by evaluating stride-to-stride variability. Methods: Six patients with BPTB and 6 patients with STG ACL reconstruction, 2 years postoperatively, and 6 healthy control subjects walked on a treadmill at a self-selected pace while 2 minutes of continuous kinematic data were recorded with a 6-camera optoelectronic system. Stride-to-stride variability was calculated from the knee flexion/extension data using the nonlinear measure of approximate entropy, which estimates the regularity of movement patterns over time. Results: ACL reconstruction affects stride-to-stride variability. Both the BPTB and the ST/G groups had significantly larger approximate entropy values than the healthy controls. No differences were found between the BPTB and the ST/G approximate entropy values. Conclusions: After ACL reconstruction using either BPTB or quadrupled ST/G, there is increased gait variability as compared to healthy individuals. This could be caused by the altered neuromuscular activity found in ACL-reconstructed limbs. Level of Evidence: Level III, case control study.
KW - Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
KW - Approximate entropy
KW - Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft
KW - Motion analysis
KW - Quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autograft
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U2 - 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.01.016
DO - 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.01.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 19560638
AN - SCOPUS:67649199168
SN - 0749-8063
VL - 25
SP - 742
EP - 749
JO - Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery
JF - Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery
IS - 7
ER -