TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of long-acting dual bronchodilator therapy on exercise tolerance, dynamic hyperinflation, and dead space during constant work rate exercise in COPD
AU - Stringer, William W.
AU - Porszasz, Janos
AU - Cao, Min
AU - Rossiter, Harry B.
AU - Siddiqui, Shahid
AU - Rennard, Stephen
AU - Casaburi, Richard
N1 - Funding Information:
AstraZeneca provided funding for this project through an investigator-initiated grant provided to the Lundquist Institute for which Dr. W. W. Stringer was the principal investigator.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2021 The Authors.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - We investigated whether dual bronchodilator therapy (glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate; GFF; Bevespi Aerosphere) would increase exercise tolerance during a high-intensity constant work rate exercise test (CWRET) and the relative contributions of dead space ventilation (VD/VT) and dynamic hyperinflation (change in inspiratory capacity) to exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In all, 48 patients with COPD (62.9±7.6 yrs; 33 male; GOLD spirometry stage 1/2/3/4, n = 2/35/11/0) performed a randomized, double blind, placebo (PL) controlled, two-period crossover, single-center trial. Gas exchange and inspiratory capacity (IC) were assessed during cycle ergometry at 80% incremental exercise peak work rate. Transcutaneous PCO2 (TcPCO2) measurement was used for VD/VT estimation. Baseline postalbuterol forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 1.86±0.58 L (63.6% ± 13.9 predicted). GFF increased FEV1 by 0.18±0.21 L relative to placebo (PL; P < 0.001). CWRET endurance time was greater after GFF vs. PL (383±184s vs. 328±115s; difference 55±125s; P = 0.013; confidence interval: 20–90s), a 17% increase. IC on GFF was above placebo IC at all time points and fell less with GFF vs. PL (P ≤ 0.0001). Isotime tidal volume (1.54±0.50 vs. 1.47±0.45 L; P = 0.022) and ventilation (52.9±19.9 vs. 51.0±18.9 L/min; P = 0.011) were greater, and respiratory rate was unchanged (34.9±9.2 vs. 35.1±8.0 br/ min, P = 0.865). Isotime VD/VT did not differ between groups (GFF 0.28±0.08 vs. PL 0.27±0.09; P = 0.926). GFF increased exercise tolerance in patients with COPD, and the increase was accompanied by attenuated dynamic hyperinflation without altering VD/VT. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study was a randomized clinical trial (NCT03081156) that collected detailed physiology data to investigate the effect of dual bronchodilator therapy on exercise tolerance in COPD, and additionally to determine the relative contributions of changes in dead space ventilation (VD/VT) and dynamic hyperinflation to alterations in exercise limitation. We utilized a unique noninvasive method to assess VD/VT (transcutaneous carbon dioxide, TcPCO2) and found that dual bronchodilators yielded a moderate improvement in exercise tolerance. Importantly, attenuation of dynamic hyperinflation rather than change in dead space ventilation was the most important contributor to exercise tolerance improvement.
AB - We investigated whether dual bronchodilator therapy (glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate; GFF; Bevespi Aerosphere) would increase exercise tolerance during a high-intensity constant work rate exercise test (CWRET) and the relative contributions of dead space ventilation (VD/VT) and dynamic hyperinflation (change in inspiratory capacity) to exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In all, 48 patients with COPD (62.9±7.6 yrs; 33 male; GOLD spirometry stage 1/2/3/4, n = 2/35/11/0) performed a randomized, double blind, placebo (PL) controlled, two-period crossover, single-center trial. Gas exchange and inspiratory capacity (IC) were assessed during cycle ergometry at 80% incremental exercise peak work rate. Transcutaneous PCO2 (TcPCO2) measurement was used for VD/VT estimation. Baseline postalbuterol forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 1.86±0.58 L (63.6% ± 13.9 predicted). GFF increased FEV1 by 0.18±0.21 L relative to placebo (PL; P < 0.001). CWRET endurance time was greater after GFF vs. PL (383±184s vs. 328±115s; difference 55±125s; P = 0.013; confidence interval: 20–90s), a 17% increase. IC on GFF was above placebo IC at all time points and fell less with GFF vs. PL (P ≤ 0.0001). Isotime tidal volume (1.54±0.50 vs. 1.47±0.45 L; P = 0.022) and ventilation (52.9±19.9 vs. 51.0±18.9 L/min; P = 0.011) were greater, and respiratory rate was unchanged (34.9±9.2 vs. 35.1±8.0 br/ min, P = 0.865). Isotime VD/VT did not differ between groups (GFF 0.28±0.08 vs. PL 0.27±0.09; P = 0.926). GFF increased exercise tolerance in patients with COPD, and the increase was accompanied by attenuated dynamic hyperinflation without altering VD/VT. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study was a randomized clinical trial (NCT03081156) that collected detailed physiology data to investigate the effect of dual bronchodilator therapy on exercise tolerance in COPD, and additionally to determine the relative contributions of changes in dead space ventilation (VD/VT) and dynamic hyperinflation to alterations in exercise limitation. We utilized a unique noninvasive method to assess VD/VT (transcutaneous carbon dioxide, TcPCO2) and found that dual bronchodilators yielded a moderate improvement in exercise tolerance. Importantly, attenuation of dynamic hyperinflation rather than change in dead space ventilation was the most important contributor to exercise tolerance improvement.
KW - COPD
KW - CPET
KW - Exercise intolerance
KW - Hyperinflation
KW - V/V
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108386485&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85108386485&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00774.2020
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00774.2020
M3 - Article
C2 - 33914661
AN - SCOPUS:85108386485
SN - 0161-7567
VL - 130
SP - 2009
EP - 2018
JO - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF - Journal of Applied Physiology
IS - 6
ER -