TY - JOUR
T1 - The Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (GRAINEX)
AU - Rappin, Eric
AU - Mahmood, Rezaul
AU - Nair, Udaysankar
AU - Pielke, Roger A.
AU - Brown, William
AU - Oncley, Steve
AU - Wurman, Joshua
AU - Kosiba, Karen
AU - Kaulfus, Aaron
AU - Phillips, Chris
AU - Lachenmeier, Emilee
AU - Santanello, Joseph
AU - Kim, Edward
AU - Lawston-Parker, Patricia
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to improve this paper. This research is funded by the NSF Grants AGS-1853390 (Rezaul Mahmood and Eric Rappin), AGS-1720477 (Udaysankar Nair), and AGS-1552487 (Roger Pielke). Thanks to team members from the NCAR/Lower Atmosphere Observation Facilities and the Center for Severe Weather Research for operating ISS, ISFS, and DOW observation platforms. The NASA Science Utilization of SMAP program (PM: Jared Entin) supported GREX deployment and the participation of Joseph Santanello, Edward Kim, and Patricia Lawston-Parker. Thanks go to additional NASA personnel Albert Wu, Rajat Bindlish, pilots and support staff for the Twin Otter where GREX was mounted, and NASA-affiliated students. Feedback provided during project development by Kevin Knupp and Paul Dirmeyer is gratefully acknowledged. The PIs of the project are also grateful to Nebraska Extension personnel, including, Randy Pryor, Aaron Nygren, Gary Lesoing, Tyler Williams, Brandy VandeWalle, and Jenny Reese; Nebraska’s Natural Resources Districts personnel Dick Ehrman, Chuck Wingert, Tyler Benal, Rod DeBuhr, and Daryl Anderson; and Al Dutcher and Stonie Cooper of the Nebraska State Climate Office. Together they played a key role in site selection and connecting PIs to nearly 100 landowners. Access to land for siting observation platforms was critical to success of the GRAINEX project and the PIs are thankful for the generosity of the landowners. Thanks also to Adam Houston for recruiting students from the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL), who assisted in the field work. Similarly, thanks go to students from the School of Natural Resources, UNL, and the Meteorology Program, Department of Geography and Geology, Western Kentucky University. Thanks to Dallas Staley for her excellent technical editing.
Funding Information:
The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to improve this paper. This research is funded by the NSF Grants AGS-1853390 (Rezaul Mahmood and Eric Rappin), AGS-1720477 (Udaysankar Nair), and AGS-1552487 (Roger Pielke). Thanks to team members from the NCAR/Lower Atmosphere Observation Facilities and the Center for Severe Weather Research for operating ISS, ISFS, and DOW observation platforms. The NASA Science Utilization of SMAP program (PM: Jared Entin) supported GREX deployment and the participation of Joseph Santanello, Edward Kim, and Patricia Lawston-Parker. Thanks go to additional NASA personnel Albert Wu, Rajat Bindlish, pilots and support staff for the Twin Otter where GREX was mounted, and NASA-affiliated students. Feedback provided during project development by Kevin Knupp and Paul Dirmeyer is gratefully acknowledged. The PIs of the project are also grateful to Nebraska Extension personnel, including, Randy Pryor, Aaron Nygren, Gary Lesoing, Tyler Williams, Brandy VandeWalle, and Jenny Reese; Nebraska’s Natural Resources Districts personnel Dick Ehrman, Chuck Wingert, Tyler Benal, Rod DeBuhr, and Daryl Anderson; and Al Dutcher and Stonie Cooper of the Nebraska State Climate Office. Together they played a key role in site selection and connecting PIs to nearly 100 landowners. Access to land for siting observation platforms was critical to success of the GRAINEX project and the PIs are thankful for the generosity of the landowners. Thanks also to Adam Houston for recruiting students from the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL), who assisted in the field work. Similarly, thanks go to students from the School of Natural Resources, UNL, and the Meteorology Program, Department of Geography and Geology, Western Kentucky University. Thanks to Dallas Staley for her excellent technical editing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Meteorological Society
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Extensive expansion in irrigated agriculture has taken place over the last half century. Due to increased irrigation and resultant land-use–land-cover change, the central United States has seen a decrease in temperature and changes in precipitation during the second half of the twentieth century. To investigate the impacts of widespread commencement of irrigation at the beginning of the growing season and continued irrigation throughout the summer on local and regional weather, the Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (GRAINEX) was conducted in the spring and summer of 2018 in southeastern Nebraska. GRAINEX consisted of two 15-day intensive observation periods. Observational platforms from multiple agencies and universities were deployed to investigate the role of irrigation in surface moisture content, heat fluxes, diurnal boundary layer evolution, and local precipitation. This article provides an overview of the data collected and an analysis of the role of irrigation in land–atmosphere interactions on time scales from the seasonal to the diurnal. The analysis shows that a clear irrigation signal was apparent during the peak growing season in mid-July. This paper shows the strong impact of irrigation on surface fluxes, near-surface temperature and humidity, and boundary layer growth and decay.
AB - Extensive expansion in irrigated agriculture has taken place over the last half century. Due to increased irrigation and resultant land-use–land-cover change, the central United States has seen a decrease in temperature and changes in precipitation during the second half of the twentieth century. To investigate the impacts of widespread commencement of irrigation at the beginning of the growing season and continued irrigation throughout the summer on local and regional weather, the Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (GRAINEX) was conducted in the spring and summer of 2018 in southeastern Nebraska. GRAINEX consisted of two 15-day intensive observation periods. Observational platforms from multiple agencies and universities were deployed to investigate the role of irrigation in surface moisture content, heat fluxes, diurnal boundary layer evolution, and local precipitation. This article provides an overview of the data collected and an analysis of the role of irrigation in land–atmosphere interactions on time scales from the seasonal to the diurnal. The analysis shows that a clear irrigation signal was apparent during the peak growing season in mid-July. This paper shows the strong impact of irrigation on surface fluxes, near-surface temperature and humidity, and boundary layer growth and decay.
KW - Atmosphere-land interaction
KW - Soil moisture
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114039619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85114039619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0041.1
DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0041.1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85114039619
SN - 0003-0007
VL - 102
SP - E1756-E1785
JO - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
IS - 9
ER -