TY - JOUR
T1 - The relationship between effort–reward imbalance and empathy among clinical nurses
T2 - A cross-sectional online survey
AU - Kong, Lingling
AU - Li, Wencai
AU - Wang, Hongmei
AU - Xu, Ning
AU - Xu, Qing
AU - Sun, Li
AU - Chen, Hongying
AU - Liu, Jiangtao
AU - Bi, Yongxia
AU - Szto, Peter
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank all the participants of this survey. The study was supported by the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Fund Project of China (Grant No. 18YJCZH070) and the Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 14CSHJ11).
Funding Information:
This study is supported by the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Fund Project of China (Grant No. 18YJCZH070), and the Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 14CSHJ11).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - Aims and objectives: To understand the factors that influence nurses empathy towards patients and to explore its influence on effort–reward imbalance involving empathy. Background: Empathy is highly valued in nurse–patient relationships. However, currently, little evidence currently exists on the impact of work-related stress measured by effort–reward imbalance and empathy. Design: An anonymous, cross-sectional online survey using a sample of convenient was conducted. Methods: Convenient online sampling was conducted with select nurses from seven cities in Shandong province, China. The nurses worked in clinical settings in 10 different hospitals. Two questionnaires, for example the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, were used. Medians, percentages, related analysis and regression analysis were used to measure the relationship between Effort-Reward Imbalance and empathy levels among nurses in China. In addition, this study adhered to the EQUATOR checklist, STROBE (see Supplementary file 1). Results: Among 1,077 participants, 26.5% stated experiencing an Effort-Reward Imbalance, with a mean empathy score among Chinese nurses, was 109.78 ± 13.98. Multiple regression analysis revealed that females and head nurses had higher levels of empathy, and that those who had no experience learning about empathy-related courses and an Effort-Reward Imbalance ratio were negatively associated with empathy. Conclusions: Gender, department, position, experience learning about empathy-related courses and Effort-Reward Imbalance ratio were significant elements related to nurses’ empathy levels. Relevance to clinical practice: As we all know, empathy can affect the relationship between nurse and patient. If nurses are in an Effort-Reward Imbalance, they may have less empathy. It is advised to improve the reward level of nurses, so that the level of empathy towards patients is enhanced.
AB - Aims and objectives: To understand the factors that influence nurses empathy towards patients and to explore its influence on effort–reward imbalance involving empathy. Background: Empathy is highly valued in nurse–patient relationships. However, currently, little evidence currently exists on the impact of work-related stress measured by effort–reward imbalance and empathy. Design: An anonymous, cross-sectional online survey using a sample of convenient was conducted. Methods: Convenient online sampling was conducted with select nurses from seven cities in Shandong province, China. The nurses worked in clinical settings in 10 different hospitals. Two questionnaires, for example the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, were used. Medians, percentages, related analysis and regression analysis were used to measure the relationship between Effort-Reward Imbalance and empathy levels among nurses in China. In addition, this study adhered to the EQUATOR checklist, STROBE (see Supplementary file 1). Results: Among 1,077 participants, 26.5% stated experiencing an Effort-Reward Imbalance, with a mean empathy score among Chinese nurses, was 109.78 ± 13.98. Multiple regression analysis revealed that females and head nurses had higher levels of empathy, and that those who had no experience learning about empathy-related courses and an Effort-Reward Imbalance ratio were negatively associated with empathy. Conclusions: Gender, department, position, experience learning about empathy-related courses and Effort-Reward Imbalance ratio were significant elements related to nurses’ empathy levels. Relevance to clinical practice: As we all know, empathy can affect the relationship between nurse and patient. If nurses are in an Effort-Reward Imbalance, they may have less empathy. It is advised to improve the reward level of nurses, so that the level of empathy towards patients is enhanced.
KW - nurse education
KW - nurse–patient relationship
KW - professional development
KW - psychosocial nursing
KW - stress
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U2 - 10.1111/jocn.15367
DO - 10.1111/jocn.15367
M3 - Article
C2 - 32614106
AN - SCOPUS:85087609810
SN - 0962-1067
VL - 29
SP - 3363
EP - 3372
JO - Journal of Clinical Nursing
JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing
IS - 17-18
ER -