TY - JOUR
T1 - The Role of Cruciferous Vegetables and Isothiocyanates for Lung Cancer Prevention
T2 - Current Status, Challenges, and Future Research Directions
AU - Zhang, Zhenzhen
AU - Bergan, Raymond
AU - Shannon, Jackilen
AU - Slatore, Christopher G.
AU - Bobe, Gerd
AU - Takata, Yumie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although smoking and air pollution exposure are primary risk factors of lung cancer, diet has also been reported to contribute to lung cancer risk. Cruciferous vegetables contain many bioactive compounds that alter the detoxification process of air-borne carcinogenic compounds and, thereby, may decrease lung cancer risk. In the meta-analysis of 31 observational studies, cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with lung cancer risk (summary odds ratio/relative risk = 0.81 and 95% confidence interval = 0.74–0.89 for comparing the highest with lowest intake categories). More observational studies need to measure urinary isothiocyanate (ITC) concentrations and investigate their association with lung cancer risk in populations with relatively high intake of cruciferous vegetables. Current evidence is limited to two phase 2 clinical trials with incomplete reporting. Hence, more short-term clinical phase 2 trials need to examine effects of various amounts and types of cruciferous vegetables on biomarkers of risk and efficacy before a large phase 3 trial can be conducted to assess effects upon lung cancer risk. This would help further elucidate whether the inverse association observed with self-reported cruciferous vegetable intake is indeed due to ITC content or other bioactive compounds.
AB - Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although smoking and air pollution exposure are primary risk factors of lung cancer, diet has also been reported to contribute to lung cancer risk. Cruciferous vegetables contain many bioactive compounds that alter the detoxification process of air-borne carcinogenic compounds and, thereby, may decrease lung cancer risk. In the meta-analysis of 31 observational studies, cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with lung cancer risk (summary odds ratio/relative risk = 0.81 and 95% confidence interval = 0.74–0.89 for comparing the highest with lowest intake categories). More observational studies need to measure urinary isothiocyanate (ITC) concentrations and investigate their association with lung cancer risk in populations with relatively high intake of cruciferous vegetables. Current evidence is limited to two phase 2 clinical trials with incomplete reporting. Hence, more short-term clinical phase 2 trials need to examine effects of various amounts and types of cruciferous vegetables on biomarkers of risk and efficacy before a large phase 3 trial can be conducted to assess effects upon lung cancer risk. This would help further elucidate whether the inverse association observed with self-reported cruciferous vegetable intake is indeed due to ITC content or other bioactive compounds.
KW - clinical trials
KW - cruciferous vegetables
KW - isothiocyanates
KW - lung cancer
KW - observational studies
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053712796&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85053712796&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/mnfr.201700936
DO - 10.1002/mnfr.201700936
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29663679
AN - SCOPUS:85053712796
SN - 1613-4125
VL - 62
JO - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
JF - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
IS - 18
M1 - 1700936
ER -