TY - JOUR
T1 - Typhoid fever
T2 - Tracking the trend in Nigeria
AU - Akinyemi, Kabiru Olusegun
AU - Oyefolu, Akeeb Oriowo Bola
AU - Mutiu, Wasiu Bamidele
AU - Iwalokun, Bamidele Abiodun
AU - Ayeni, Edward Sunday
AU - Ajose, Samuel Oluwasegun
AU - Obaro, Stephen K.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support: This country case study was supported by a sub-grant from the Centre for Global Child Health. Funding for the parent study (Grant #OPP1126230, Principal Investigator Zulfiqar A. Bhutta) to the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (https://www. gatesfoundation.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
We are grateful to the management and the staff of the hospitals for their cooperation and moral support. Our appreciation also goes to Lagos State Health Service Commission and Lagos State Ministry of Health for the cooperation received throughout the period of study. We are equally grateful to Professor E. O. Wahab of Department of Sociology, Lagos State University (LASU), for supplying information on the catchment areas used. We are grateful to the staff members of Department of Microbiology, particularly, Abudul Azzis Anjorin, and Management of LASU for their support. This country case study was supported by a sub-grant from the Centre for Global Child Health. Funding for the parent study (Grant #OPP1126230, Principal Investigator Zulfiqar A. Bhutta) to the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (https://www. gatesfoundation.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2018 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Typhoid fever continues to pose a serious health challenge in developing countries. A reliable database on positive blood cultures is essential for prompt interventions. To generate reliable data on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi)-positive blood culture trends in typhoidal Salmonella in Nigeria alongside changing contextual factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Lagos between 1993 and 2015. Medical records of typhoid patients were reviewed for positive culture and antibiogram, using standard procedures and analyzed. Additional data were retrieved from a previous study in seven facilities in Abuja and three hospitals in Kano from 2008 to 2017 and 2013 to 2017, respectively. A declining trend in percent positivity of S. Typhi was observed in Abuja with more erratic trends in Lagos and Kano. In Lagos, more than 80% of the isolates from the entire study period exhibited multiple drug resistance with a generally increasing trend. Of the chosen contextual factors, improvements were recorded in female literacy, access to improved water supply, diarrheal mortality in children younger than 5 years, gross domestic product, and poverty while access to improved sanitation facilities decreased over time nationally. Typhoid fever still poses a serious health challenge in Nigeria and in antibiotic resistance, and is a major health security issue. A combined approach that includes the use of typhoid vaccines, improvements in sanitation, and safe water supply is essential.
AB - Typhoid fever continues to pose a serious health challenge in developing countries. A reliable database on positive blood cultures is essential for prompt interventions. To generate reliable data on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi)-positive blood culture trends in typhoidal Salmonella in Nigeria alongside changing contextual factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Lagos between 1993 and 2015. Medical records of typhoid patients were reviewed for positive culture and antibiogram, using standard procedures and analyzed. Additional data were retrieved from a previous study in seven facilities in Abuja and three hospitals in Kano from 2008 to 2017 and 2013 to 2017, respectively. A declining trend in percent positivity of S. Typhi was observed in Abuja with more erratic trends in Lagos and Kano. In Lagos, more than 80% of the isolates from the entire study period exhibited multiple drug resistance with a generally increasing trend. Of the chosen contextual factors, improvements were recorded in female literacy, access to improved water supply, diarrheal mortality in children younger than 5 years, gross domestic product, and poverty while access to improved sanitation facilities decreased over time nationally. Typhoid fever still poses a serious health challenge in Nigeria and in antibiotic resistance, and is a major health security issue. A combined approach that includes the use of typhoid vaccines, improvements in sanitation, and safe water supply is essential.
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U2 - 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0045
DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0045
M3 - Article
C2 - 30047362
AN - SCOPUS:85053831965
VL - 99
SP - 41
EP - 47
JO - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
SN - 0002-9637
IS - 3
ER -